Conservation Northwest

2017 Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project Report_FINAL_WithAppendices

Conservation Northwest protects and connects old-growth forests and other wild areas from the Washington Coast to the British Columbia Rockies, vital to a healthy future for us, our children, and wildlife. Since 1989, Conservation Northwest has worke

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59 Acknowledgements Thanks very much to Bill Gaines, Robert Long for discussing the details of their project and helping adapt our methods to support this work and to Aja Woodrow for helping us refine our adapted field methods and outfitting us with scent lures. The description of genetic sample collections was adapted from field methods text written for the North Cascades Wolverine Project. References Kendall, K.C., and K.S. McKelvey. 2008. Hair collection. Pages 141–182 in Long, R. A., P. MacKay, W. J. Zielinski, and J. C. Ray, editors. Noninvasive survey methods for carnivores. Island Press, Washington, D.C. Long, R.A., J.S. Begley, P. MacKay, W.L. Gaines, and A.J. Shirk. 2013. The Cascades Carnivore Connectivity Project: A landscape genetic assessment of connectivity for carnivores in Washington's North Cascades Ecosystem. Final report for the Seattle City Light Wildlife Research Program, Seattle, Washington. Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman. 57 pp. Moskowitz, D. 2010. Wildlife of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press, Portland Oregon. North Cascades Grizzly Bear Recovery Team. 2004. Recovery plan for grizzly bears in the North Cascades
 of British Columbia. Appendix 1: Grizzly Bear Field Identification There are three key field marks to look for in photographs of bears, or actual bears. Shoulders: Grizzly bears have a prominent shoulder hump while black bears typically do not. Head profile: Grizzly bears have a concave (dished) profile to their forhead and snout and have short rounded ears. Black bears head profile is flat and their ears are taller. Claws: Claws on the front feet of grizzly bears can be extremely long and relatively flat (used for digging). Claws on the front feet of black bears are not as prominent and are curved (useful for tree climbing).

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